在相较于便携式模拟器的使用简便，全尺寸模拟器能够提供更全面的场景，帮助作业人员提高技能。
编译 | 惊蛰
上一期为大家介绍了Drilling Systems公司的几种便携式模拟器，今天是几种全尺寸模拟器的介绍。其中包括钻井模拟器，利用钻井模拟器（DWOS），可以在安全的环境下尝试和测试多种不同的钻井设计与作业，以确定最具经济性的建井方式，最终降低井的总成本。
在模拟培训中，可以使用DWOS创建自定义模拟，以便将理论解释作为实际练习来执行。作业人员与承包商可能会遇到故障、失效、井控、电力与轨迹控制问题。利用该模拟器，可以评估团队应对天气、停电等事件的能力，同时强化他们对可能影响安全作业的各种人为因素的认识。
全尺寸模拟器的功能更加全面，具有诸多应用特性，例如，在设备与作业故障检测中，其可以降低系统故障几率，提高检测效率，如电机故障、IBOP泄漏、扭矩不稳定等，其它如钻机设备故障（碰撞等）、节流阀故障（堵塞、卡死、冲蚀）、压力相关问题（井口泄漏、管汇阀组泄漏）等问题也能够得到有效控制。。
此外，此类模拟器还具有额外功能，为开发商和作业人员带来额外的好处，例如其具可以模拟防喷器下入过程中与下部隔水管总成的断开，另外可模拟钻井警报（普通、弃置、气体泄漏等），同时监测水下防喷器压力与温度以及潮汐对隔水导管的影响，其它还能够模拟起伏、摇晃、倾斜以及天气对泥浆罐的影响。
通过实际使用，模拟器的优势在油气行业中已经逐渐显现，例如三维可视化视图可以生动的模仿设备功能，使作业人员赶紧身临其境。在控制成本方面，其仅使用一个核心模拟器可运行多个钻机套件，使投资回报最大化。通过详细的模拟场景与井下条件，提高困难情况下井队人员的决策能力，定制化功能可以设定特定状况，使作业人员熟悉自己需要熟练掌控的设备，并利用定制系统增强作业信心。
DrillSIM:5000
DrillSIM:5000是符合先进的钻井与井控仿真系统国际标准。该系统精确展现出常规钻台的场景，用三维图形创建了高度逼真的沉浸式模拟环境，使学员身临其境。其可以重新创建简单或高度复杂的任务与场景，以验证现实世界中的技能和能力。DrillSIM5000的井下模型套件管理可以将DrillSIM软件包的许可添加到DrillSIM:5000中，以创建一个多站点式培训环境。通过一个教员中心站点进行观察、监控与管理，该站点可获取每个模拟器上学生活动与进度的数据。
同样，DrillSIM:5000符合并超过了油气钻井和井控的培训及认证标准，例如IADC的司钻与监督培训，以及IWCF的第三、第四级别认证。
DrillSIM:600
DrillSIM:600是一个先进的以网络为基础的模拟器，提供独特的钻井和井控培训。该模拟器可以定制化设计，以模拟特定的陆地钻机与设备，使作业人员能够在自己的现实环境中练习。DrillSIM:600结合了地面与井下的三维可视化视图，以及真实钻机设备声音和功能，从而提供真正的沉浸式学习体验。
此外，Drilling Systems公司可以根据开发商需求，为DrillSim:600创建一个自定义钻机套件，通过定制控件、HMI和装备的三维可视化来满足特定需求。
DrillSIM:6000
DrillSIM:6000也是一款先进的网络基础模拟器，可为钻井与井控培训提供最大的灵活性。该模拟器可配置创建出特定的海上钻井平台模型，并模拟出所有供应商与主要钻机体系的设备。定制的软件包可以根据空间与需求，提供定制功能。DrillSIM:6000同时培训司钻与副司钻，讲师可从一个单独站点，观察与控制所教授的场景。
作为一种应用灵活的模拟器，其具有如下特点：
- 具有多种钻机功能的双司钻座椅，多个人机界面（HMI）站点；
- 高分辨率、可定制的视频墙，可安装在教室或集装箱；
- 可互换的“即插即用”式钻机控制系统；
- 支持与第三方数据链接的集成，包括动力管理与动态定位；
- 支持与第三方控制系统(如MPD)和其他监控系统的集成；
- 可调节的天气条件，针对平台钻机的定制开发；
- 井口管道与防喷器(BOP)的定制操作，拥有DrillSIM井下模型的所有功能。
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Full-size simulators
By Drilling the Well on Simulator (DWOS) multiple variations of well design and drilling operation can be tried and tested in a safe environment to determine the most cost-effective method of well delivery which ultimately reduces well spread costs. Custom simulations can be created with Drill the Well on Simulator (DWOS) to allow theoretical explanations to be carried out as a practical exercise. Operators and contractors can experience faults, failures, well control, power and station keeping problems. Teams can be assessed on their ability to work together to respond to incidents such as weather and power failure while gaining an increased awareness of various human factors that can impact safe operations.
Equipment and operational malfunctions
- Hoisting system malfunctions – motor failure, IBOP leaks, erratic torque etc
- Rig equipment malfunctions – bumps, blowout preventer (BOP) leader, accumulators
- Choke malfunctions – chock plugging, seizure and washouts
- Pressure problems – wellhead leaks, manifold valve leaks
Additional functionality
- BOP landing and lower marine riser package (LMRP) disconnect
- Drilling alarms – general, abandon, gas
- Subsea BOP pressure and temperature monitoring
- Tide effects on riser
- Heave, roll and pitch weather effects on mud tanks
DrillSIM:5000
The DrillSIM:5000 is the global standard of advanced drilling and well control simulation.The accurate representation of a conventional rig floor and 3D graphics create a highly realistic and immersive simulation environment bringing the rig to the trainee.Both simple and highly complex tasks and scenarios can be recreated to verify skills and competency in real-world situations.
An alternative model of the DrillSIM:5000 is also available which includes the optional cyber chair.
A DrillSIM software package license can be added to DrillSIM:5000 to create a multi-station training environment. Simulations can be observed, monitored and managed from one central instructor station that provides data on the student activity and progress on each simulator.
DrillSIM:5000 meets and exceeds oil and gas drilling and well control training and accreditation standards such as IADC Driller and Supervisor and IWCF levels 3 and 4.
DrillSIM:600
The DrillSIM:600 is an advanced cyberbase simulator that offers unique drilling and well control training.The simulator can be customised to emulate specific land rigs and equipment which enables operators to practice in their own real-life environment.DrillSIM:600 combines 3D surface and downhole graphical views with realistic rig equipment sounds and functionalities for a truly immersive learning experience.
We will work with you to create a custom rig package for your DrillSIM:600 that meets your specific requirements with bespoke controls, HMIs and a 3D visualisation of your rig.
Benefits
- Immersive：3D graphics views and realistic equipment functionality.
- ROI： Maximise return on investment by using one core simulator to run multiple rig packages.
- Challenge：Improve the decision-making skills of crews in difficult situations with detailed simulation scenarios and downhole conditions.
- Bespoke：Familiarise operators with their own specific rigs and equipment and increase confidence with a customisable system.
The DrillSIM:6000
is the most advanced cyberbase simulator that offers the ultimate flexibility in drilling and well control training.The simulator is configured to recreate a specific offshore rig model and emulate equipment from any vendor and all major rig systems. Bespoke packages are available with customisable features dependant on space and requirements.
DrillSIM:6000 trains the driller and assistant driller concurrently, allowing the instructor to observe and control the scenarios from a separate station.
Benefits
- ROI： Maximise return on investment by using one core simulator to run multiple rig packages.
- Immersive：Stunning 3D graphics with an immersive video wall and realistic controls.
- Teamwork：Improve teamwork with the ability to simultaneously train the driller and assistant driller with a dual-chair environment.
- Effective：Allow trainees to rehearse challenging or infrequent operations such as blowout preventer (BOP) landing and running riser.
KEY FEATURES
- Dual-chair configuration with multiple rig capabilities
- Multiple human machine interface (HMI) stations
- High-resolution customisable video wall
- Classroom or containerised configurations
- Interchangeable rig controls “plug and play” system
- Supports integration with third party data links including power management and dynamic positioning
- Integration with third party control systems such as MPD and other supervisory control systems
- Adjustable weather conditions
- Bespoke rig topside development
- Bespoke surface pipework and blowout prevention (BOP) operations
- Full DrillSIM downhole model capabilities
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